Suffixes
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Suffixes are the most powerful morphological tool in Yalbi. They can function as adjectives or adverbs and are capable of conveying nearly any morphological category. Every formative requires at least one suffix, which specifies either Case (for nouns and framed verbs) or Illocution and Validation (for main verbs). The last suffix in a word must convey either Case or Illocution.
Case suffixes
Degree is listed along the top; consonantal VxC values are listed along the left.
| VxC (Case) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Case category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (h) | ABS | IND | ERG | DER | OBL | SIT | EFF | ESS | AFF | Transrelative |
| m | GEN | ITP | OGN | PDC | COR | PAR | IDP | POS | PRP | Possessive |
| lv | - | - | - | APL | UTL | PUR | - | - | - | Utilitative |
| n | DAT | APP | ASI | REF | FUN | CNV | TSP | CLA | CSD | Associative 1 |
| rf | CRS | CMP | MED | COM | TFM | CNJ | CPS | CVS | CMM | Associative 2 |
| ln | AVR | CON | EXC | PTL | DEP | PVS | EXM | PRD | BEN | Associative 3 |
| rm | PLM | ELP | PCV | CNR | SML | ASC | PCR | ALP | LIM | Temporal 1 |
| lm | INP | EPS | ASS | PER | DFF | PRO | - | - | - | Temporal 2 |
| rn | - | ABL | - | PSV | LOC | NAV | ORI | ALL | - | Spatial |
| x | - | - | - | - | VOC | X | ITJ | X | - | Interjective |
h is omitted if word-final
Illocution/Validation suffixes
Only Assertive, Allegative, and Imputative illocutions can be used with Validation. For these, the vowel of the suffix indicates Validation and the consonant indicates Illocution.
| Validation | Vx value |
|---|---|
| Epistemic | a |
| Axiomatic | ai |
| Participatory | e |
| Confirmative | o |
| Indirective | i |
| Conclusory | oi |
| Inferential | ei |
| Assumptive | au |
| Intuitive | u |
| Subjective | oa |
| Presumptive | ia |
| Purportive | ie |
| Putative | io |
| Suffix | Illocution |
|---|---|
| -l | Assertive |
| -f | Allegative |
| -v | Imputative |
For the remaining eight Illocutions, the consonant is simply r and the vowel indicates Illocution.
| -r | Illocution |
|---|---|
| 1 | IRG Interrogative |
| 2 | EXV Expatiative |
| 3 | THR Theoretical |
| 4 | - |
| 5 | DEC Declarative |
| 6 | OPT Optative |
| 7 | ADM Admonitive |
| 8 | HOR Hortative |
| 9 | DIR Directive |
Collective suffixes
These four suffixes serve the role of Ithkuil’s Configuration and Affiliation categories.
| Degree | Configuration |
|---|---|
| 1 | UNI Uniplex - a single thing |
| 2 | DPX Duplex - a pair of things |
| 3 | DCT Discrete - a group of similar things |
| 4 | AGG Aggregative - a group of different things |
| 5 | SEG Segmentative - a connected group of similar things |
| 6 | CPN Componential - a connected group of different things |
| 7 | COH Coherent - a single entity composed of a group of similar things |
| 8 | CST Composite - a single entity composed of a group of different things |
| 9 | MLT Multiform - a group of X-like things |
| Suffix | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| -mt | CSL Consolidative - neutral to purpose |
| -mk | ASO Associative - unified purpose |
| -mp | VAR Variative - opposing purposes |
| -ms | COA Coalescent - complementary purposes |